Test/Measure 5: BOT-2 (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency
A Critical Review of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency
Description
Title: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2)
Edition: Second Edition
Dates of Publication and Revision: 1st ed. 1978; 2nd ed 2005
Authors: Bruininks, Robert H., Bruininks, Brett D.
Source: Pearson Canada Assessment Inc., 55 Horner Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M8Z 4X6
Costs: Full Test Kit: $1164; Fine Motor Subtests: $735; Gross Motor Sub Tests: $735
Purpose: An individually administered, comprehensive measure of gross and fine motor skills, for persons aged 4-21 described as normally developing to those with moderate motor-skill deficits. BOT-2 has been empirically validated for high-functioning persons diagnosed with autism, Asperger’s, Developmental Coordination Disorder, and mild/moderate intellectual disabilities.
Type of Test: Evaluation of motoric impairment, evaluative of motor function through observation of play-activities.
Target Population and Ages: 4-21yo; high-functioning persons diagnosed with autism, Asperger’s, developmental coordination disorder, and mild/moderate intellectual disabilities.
Time Requirements: Administration: Complete testing requires 45-60 minutes; short-form testing requires 15-20 minutes. Scoring: Comes with software for quick scoring entry to save time.
Testing/Administration
Administration: Easel based instructions, largely image based for universal utility and minimal verbal components; a collection of game-based activities ranging from manipulatives, balancing, running, push-ups, cutting paper, connecting dots, copying images, transferring pennies, sorting cards, stringing blocks, foot tapping, jumping jacks, single-legged hopping, ball tossing, ball catching, sit-ups, etc.
Scoring: Total motor composite score is generated from four sub-scale areas including fine motor control, manual coordination, body coordination, and strength and agility.
Information available from Testing: Tables with scale scores, standardized values, confidence intervals, percentiles, and descriptors; score profile with graphical sub-categories, and a narrative report describing normative values for each area.
Testing Environment: Can be administered in home, school, or clinic environment, but equipment needs may favor a prepared space.
Equipment and Materials Needed: All provided with purchase of kit: manual, easel, Record form, exam booklet, training DVD, balance beam, blocks with string, penny box, penny pad, plastic pennies, knee pad, peg board, scissors, target, tennis ball, shape cards, and shuttle block.
Examiner Qualifications: Test is intended to be administered by professionals such as Physical Therapists, Occupational Therapists, Psychologists, Special Education Teachers, Early Interventionists, or other unspecified qualified professional.
Psychometric Characteristics: This evaluation is not intended to measure psychometric parameters, and secondary to availability, this utility has not been fully established.
Standardization/normative data: Available with scoring sheet/software for ages 4-21. The normative values were established from a cohort of 1520 children/adolescents in the US, with statistical measures to avoid any specific bias towards race, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, disability status, or geographical residency.
Evidence of Reliability: Various evaluations produce inter-rater reliability range from 0.92-0.99 for each subscale, with exception to the Fine Motor Precision subtest, which has an inter-rate reliability of .86.
Evidence of Validity: Content validity has been established by experts, revealing anticipatory improvements with development of age and sex characteristics. The BOT-2 is reliable for supporting the clinical diagnoses of Development Coordination Disorder, mild-to-moderate Intellectual Disabilities, and high-functioning autisms/Asperger’s disorder. Other tests have confirmed the validity of this test through comparison of values to this tool to those of other similar validated tools such as the Peabody.
Discriminative: Standardized scores can roughly estimate trending score differences from typically developed, 5-7 points (1.5 SD) lower for children with DCD, 20 points (2SD) lower for children with Intellectual Disabilities, and 12.5-17 points lower for children with autism/Asperger’s disorder.
Predictive: The utility of the measure is intended for the assessment of deficits in fine motor and gross motor function in children with any suspected deviations from normative value with supporting evidence for the utility within three specific diagnoses, however, it is not intended to be predictive of any particular pathology, nor for any specific prognosis.
- Summary
Strengths- 1. Visually based instructions to limit the effect of language barriers. 2. Face validity of testing components to represent typical childhood developmental activities. 3. Good construct validity. 4. High level inter-rate reliability and test-retest reliability. 5. Normative values that are relatively current. 6.
Weaknesses– 2. Limited test-retest reliability in some sub-tests and composite scores. 2. Scores is lengthy and too detailed, likely to impart frequent errors. 3. Mild floor effect for the youngest ages to be tested.
Clinical Applications- A great tool for evaluating the extent of global motor deficits in children aged 6-21 years, with the most utility arising from the total composite scores of the long-from and short-form.
1. Deitz J, Kartin D, Kopp K. Review of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2). Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2007;27(4):87-102.
2. http://www.pearsonassess.ca/en/programs/00/62/53/p006253.html. Accessed March 15, 2015.
3. http://www.therapybc.ca/eLibrary/docs/Resources/BOT-2%20Evidence%20Summary%20-%20October%203rd.pdf. Accessed March 15, 2015.
Leave a Reply
You must be logged in to post a comment.