Treadmill Training with Virtual Reality: Gross Motor Function Measure Article Summary

Posted on: August 29, 2022 | By: dpatrick4 | Filed under: Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)

Title: Treadmill Training with Virtual Reality Improves Gait, Balance, and Muscle Strength in Children with Cerebral Palsy Authors: Chunchee Cho, Wonjeong Hwang, Sujin Hwang, Yijung Chung The purpose of this article was to determine the effects of treadmill training in patients with spastic Cerebral Palsy (CP). However, the researchers acknowledged children often become “bored” with treadmill training. Therefore, they enrolled 18 children, ages 4-16 years old, in a research study in which 9 of them used virtual reality while treadmill training and the other 9 used a basic treadmill training program. The researchers assessed a few variables but one of the main variables being assessed was gross motor function using the Gross Motor Functional Measure (GMFM). The GMFM assessed 5 areas of participation. These areas were: lying down and rolling, sitting, crawling on hands and knees and kneeling, standing, and walking, running, and jumping. Other outcome and objective measures collected…

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Test-Retest Reliability of Handgrip Strength Measurement in Children and Preadolescents

Posted on: August 29, 2022 | By: awilliams99 | Filed under: Strength Tests

Title: Test-Retest Reliability of Handgrip Strength Measurement in Children and Preadolescents Purpose: The purpose of this study was to research the impact of sex, age, and/or hand dominance on test-retest of hand grip strength (HGS) measurements- and to establish HGS reliability in a typical developing pediatric population. Study population: This study included 338 typically developing children between the ages of 7 to 13 years old. Methods: The study population was tested using a digital handgrip strength dynamometer (Jamar Plus+ Dynamometer) by the same rater on two different testing trials. Testing sessions were separated by a one-day interval. HGS testing was administered according to the American Society of Hand Therapists’ recommendation. Outcome measures: With the assistance of the American Society of Hand Therapists, researches used a protocol similar to the gold standard use of the Jamar Dynamometer in adults. This started with a warm-up followed by 2-3 testing trials of the…

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Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) – article summary

Posted on: August 29, 2022 | By: tcarroll2 | Filed under: Caregiver Priorities and Child Health index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD)

Zalmstra T, Elema A, Huizing K, Reinders MH, v.d. Putten A. Longitudinal validation of the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities in a Dutch sample of nonambulatory children with severe disabilities. Child: Care, Health & Development. 2019;45(3):409-416. doi:10.1111/cch.12663   Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the validity long term of the Dutch translation of the Caregiver Priorities & Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) in order to determine if it is an effective outcome measure. While the CPCHILD has been validated across language translations, sometimes exact translations, to maintain validity, might not always reflect cultural, community, or social differences and might vastly alter caregiver responses. Study Population: Caregivers of 38 non-ambulatory Dutch children (ages 4 – 18 years old) categorized as an individual with severe disabilities as a result of cerebral palsy were recruited for the study. Methods/Outcome Measures: Zalmstra et…

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Reliability of the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition article summary

Posted on: August 29, 2022 | By: akeenan5 | Filed under: Bruininks Osteretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP)

Wuang YP, Su CY. Reliability and responsiveness of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition in children with intellectual disability. Res Dev Disabil. 2009;30(5):847-855. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2008.12.002 Reliability and responsiveness of the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition in children with intellectual disability The Purpose of this article was to examine the reliability, internal consistency, and responsiveness of the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second (BOT-2). The BOT-2 is one of the most commonly used tests for evaluating motor deficits in children with disabilities and it is important because use of the test helps to ensure that correct and effective treatment is being given to these individuals. The population of this study was 100 children (41 female and 59 male), from a variety of settings, with a diagnosed intellectual disability (IQ less than or equal to 70), ranging from ages 4-12, and who were being treated by a PT or OT at the time…

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Manual therapy for plagiocephaly: Alberta Infant Motor Scale Article Summary

Posted on: August 29, 2022 | By: agranato | Filed under: Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS)

Pastor-Pons, I., Hidalgo-García, C., Lucha-López, M.O. et al. Effectiveness of pediatric integrative manual therapy in cervical movement limitation in infants with positional plagiocephaly: a randomized controlled trial. Ital J Pediatr 47, 41 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-00995-9. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pediatric integrative manual therapy in cervical movement in infants with positional plagiocephaly. Study population: Randomized control trial with 34 children younger than 28 weeks old who have positional plagiocephaly. Methods: Demographic variables were collected from the medical history of the children. The degree of cranial deformation was measured through multiple anthropometric values, and cranial index and cranial vault asymmetry were calculated. Two photographic sessions were held before the intervention and one after the intervention. Active cervical range of motion was measured as well as neuromotor development through use of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Outcome measures: AIMS Intervention: Subjects were randomly distributed to…

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Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency: The Relationship Between the Fine Motor Skills and Occupational Self-Assessment of Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy

Posted on: August 29, 2022 | By: agluhosky | Filed under: Bruininks Osteretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP)

Article: The Relationship Between the Fine Motor Skills and Occupational Self-Assessment of Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy Reference: Niazi B, Kalantari M, Azhdar M, Tabatabaee S M , Daryabor A, et al. The Relationship Between the Fine Motor Skills and Occupational Self-assessment of Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy. Middle East J Rehabil Health Stud. 2022;9(3):e123105. doi: 10.5812/mejrh-123105. Purpose and Study Population: The study aimed to discover if there is a correlation between fine motor skills and occupational self-assessment in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.  The study population included fifty 8-13 year old children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy that have a level I, II, or III on the manual ability classification system (MACS). Methods and Outcome Measures: The methods included the use of a demographic questionnaire to determine the age, sex, affected side, and manual ability classification system (MACS) levels of hand skills of the participants. The two outcome measures used…

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article summary-Test of Gross Motor Development 3 in children with visual impairments

Posted on: August 29, 2022 | By: mkirkpatrick6 | Filed under: Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD2)

Reference: Brian, A., et al. (2018). Psychometric Properties of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 for Children with Visual Impairments. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/AliBrian/publication/323679993_Psychometric_Properties_of_the_Test_of_Gross_Motor_Development3_for_Children_With_Visual_Impairments/links/5acc01114585151e80ab6f65/Psychometric-Properties-of-the-Test-of-Gross-Motor-Development-3-for-Children-With-Visual-Impairments.pdf. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriateness of TGMD-3 for children with visual impairments. Population: 66 children/adolescents between ages 9-18 y/o attending a sports camp for children with visual impairments. Methods: Measures included the TGMD-2, which provides results that are both valid and reliable for children with and without visual impairments, and TGMD-3, which currently does not have existing norms. Both assess locomotor skills through: run, hop, slide, gallop, and skip, leap and jump. Both assess object control skills through: throw, underhand throw, roll, catch, kick, one-hand strike, 2-hand strike, and dribble. A team of researchers provided modifications when necessary during this study. 2 forms of reliability were assessed: internal consistency and inter rater reliability. Results: this study concluded that TGMD-3…

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Relevant factors of self-care in children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy – Article Summary

Posted on: August 29, 2022 | By: lmccaulley | Filed under: Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI)

PEDI Article: Relevant factors of self-care in children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy: Kusumoto Y, Takaki K, Matsuda T, Nitta O. Relevant factors of self-care in children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy. PLoS One. 2021;16(7):e0254899. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254899 Purpose: The purpose of this study was look at factors of self-care and manual ability in children with spastic CP and prediction of functional independence. Population: Participants in the study included children and adolescents with cerebral palsy from Japanese hospitals and medical centers whom met the inclusion criteria: 1) Spastic CP diagnosis; 2) 5-18 years old; 3) Ability to follow directions and communicate. There were 76 participants (40 males & 36 females) which all provided consent to participate. Participants represented different types of CP including spastic hemiplegia (11), spastic diplegia (45), and spastic quadriplegia (20). Methods & Measures: The design of this study was a cross-sectional study. Levels on the Japanese GMFCS (gross motor…

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Five-times-sit-to-stand test in children with cerebral palsy: Reliability and concurrent validity – Article Summary

Posted on: August 29, 2022 | By: zbass | Filed under: Five (5) Times Sit to Stand

Kumban W, Amatachaya S, Emasithi A, Siritaratiwat W. Five-times-sit-to-stand test in children with cerebral palsy: Reliability and concurrent validity. NeuroRehabilitation. 2013;32(1):9-15. doi:10.3233/nre-130818 Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the 5 time sit to stand and to investigate the correlation between the 5 time sit to stand and other standard functional balance test in children with CP. Methods: Researchers recruited 33 school children between the ages of 6-18 with CP that had a Gross motor functional classification system expanded and revised version (GMFCS-E&R) level I to III. The researchers used the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) as the standard functional balance tests and used a Pearson product moment correlation to determine the correlation between the BBS, TUG, and 5xSTS. Inclusion criteria for this study included: School children between the ages of 6-18 with a CP diagnosis…

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Smartphone and tablet use and the Denver Developmental Screening Test-2nd ed Article Summary

Posted on: August 28, 2022 | By: bdonnelly7 | Filed under: Denver Developmental Screening Test-2nd ed (DDST-II)

Title: The association between smartphone and tablet usage and children development Reference: Chaibal, Supattra, and Salinee Chaiyakul. “The Association between Smartphone and Tablet Usage and Children Development.” Acta Psychologica, vol. 228, 2022, p. 103646., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103646. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between smartphone and tablet usage and typical child development. Study population: The participants included 85 healthy full-term children from 2 to 5 years old from Thailand recruited with convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria also included birth weight between 2500 and 4000 grams and gestational age between 37 and 42 weeks. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of obtaining information from the primary caregiver about their child through questionnaires. The main topics were about the children’s characteristics, the caregiver’s characteristics, and smartphone and tablet usage of the child. The caregivers were asked to record data, such as how many minutes a day the child spends on their…

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